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CN-0235
The 6-channel AD7280A devices in the circuit shown in
Figure 1 act as the primary monitor providing accurate voltage
measurement data to the System Demonstration Platform
(SDP-B) evaluation board, and the 6-channel AD8280 devices
act as the secondary monitor and protection system. Both
devices can operate from a single wide supply range of 8 V to
30 V and operate over the industrial temperature range of
?40 ° C to +105 ° C.
The AD7280A contains an internal ±3 ppm reference that
allows a cell voltage measurement accuracy of ±1.6 mV.
The ADC resolution is 12 bits and allows conversion of up
to 48 cells within 7 μs.
The AD7280A has cell balancing interface outputs designed to
control external FET transistors to allow discharging of
individual cells and forcing all the cells in the stack to have
identical voltages.
The AD8280 functions independently of the primary monitor
and provides alarm functions indicating out of tolerance
conditions. It contains its own reference and LDO, both of
which are powered completely from the battery cell stack. The
reference, in conjunction with external resistor dividers, is used
to establish trip points for the over/undervoltages. Each cell
channel contains programmable deglitching (D/G) circuitry to
avoid alarming from transient input levels.
The AD7280A and AD8280 , which reside on the high voltage
side of the battery management system (BMS) have a daisy-
chain interface, which allows up to eight AD7280A ’s and eight
voltages to be monitored. Adjacent AD7280A 's and AD8280’ s in
the stack can communicate directly, passing data up and down
the stack without the need for isolation.
The master devices on the bottom of the stack use the SPI
interface and GPIOs to communicate with the SDP-B
evaluation board, and it is only at this point that high voltage
galvanic isolation is required to protect the low voltage side of
the SDP-B board. The ADuM1400 , ADuM1401 digital isolator,
and the ADuM5404 isolator with integrated dc-to-dc converter
combine to provide the required eleven channels of isolation in
a compact and cost effective solution. The ADuM5404 also
provides isolated 5 V to the VDRIVE input of the lower
AD7280A and the VDD2 supply voltage for the ADuM1400 and
ADuM1401 isolators.
Circuit Note
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The AD7280A is a complete data acquisition system that
includes a high voltage input multiplexer, a low voltage input
multiplexer, a 12-bit, 1 μs SAR ADC, and on-chip registers for
channel sequencing. The HV MUX is used to measure the
series connected Li-Ion battery cells as shown in Figure 1. The
LV MUX provides single-ended ADC inputs that can be used
with external thermistors to measure the temperature of each
battery cell; or, if temperature measurements are not required,
the auxiliary ADC inputs can be used to convert any other 0 V
to 5 V input signal. A precision 2.5 V reference and an on-chip
voltage regulator is also included.
The AD8280isahardwire-onlysafetymonitorforlithiumion
battery stacks. In conjunction with the AD7280A,the AD8280
provides a low cost, redundant, battery backup monitor with
adjustable threshold detection and shared or separate alarm
outputs. It has a self-test feature, making it suitable for high
reliability applications, such as automotive hybrid electric
vehicles or higher voltage industrial usage, such as
uninterruptible power supplies. Both the AD7280A and the
AD8280 obtain power from the battery cells they monitor.
The ADuM5404 includes an integrated dc-to-dc converter,
which is used to power the high voltage side of the ADuM1400
and ADuM1401 isolators and provide the VDRIVE supply to
the AD7280A SPI interface. These 4-channel, magnetically
isolated circuits are a safe, reliable, and easy-to-use alternative
to optocouplers.
To optimize the performance of the daisy-chain communication
under noisy conditions, for example, when experiencing
electromagnetic interference, the daisy-chain signals are
shielded on an inner layer of the printed circuit board (PCB).
Shielding is provided above and below by a VSS supply plane,
which is connected to the VSS pin of the upper device in the
chain. Figure 2 shows the top layer of the EVAL-CN0235-SDPZ
PCB, which contains the upper shielding for the AD7280A, and
Figure 5 shows the bottom layer, which contains the upper
shielding for the AD8280 . Figure 3 shows the inner layer
(layer 2), which contains the shielded daisy-chain signals, and
the shielding below is carried out on Layer 3 as shown in Figure 4.
Individual 22 pF capacitors are placed on each daisy-chain
connection and are terminated to either the VSS pin of the
upper device or the VDD pin of the lower device, depending on
the direction in which data is flowing on the daisy chain. The
PD, CS, SCLK, SDI, and CNVST daisy-chain connections pass
data up the chain, and the 22 pF capacitors on these pins are
terminated to the VSS of the upper device in the chain.
Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 6
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